Visible And Near Infrared Spectroscopy For PSE-Like Zones Classification At Different Post Mortem Times

International audience– The ability of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) to predict PSE-like zone classification was examined on 150 deboned hams at 5 post mortem times (12, 16, 20, 24 and 36 h pm). Four probes were used to investigate the accuracy. Two of our probes were prototypes. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) was used to determine the prediction models from spectrums recorded on semimembranosus muscle. Surface probes gave better results than inserted probes. The best probe showed moreover a good accuracy whatever the pm times was when measuring (78 to 86 % good prediction in external validation as the 24 h pm model was used). Its false negative/false positive ratios were favorable at the early pm times (12 to 20 h pm). So an early PSE-like zones prediction is possible using VIS-NIRS. The prototype probe inserted showed good results (82,9% good prediction in external validation) and would deserve additional validation on bone-in hams, as industrials need. Key Words – VIS-NIR spectroscopy, prototype probes, pork meat, PSE-like zones, PLSDA

Prédiction du rendement technologique des jambons par spectroscopie optique : mise en place et validation en contexte industriel

Session 7 - Green & Biophotonique (C7.2)International audiencePrédiction du rendement technologique des jambons par spectroscopie optique : mise en place et validation en contexte industriel Le rendement de fabrication des jambons est un enjeu pour l'industrie agro-alimentaire : une valeur faible de ce rendement dit technologique se traduit par une dépréciation de valeur et de qualité des jambons [1]. Le tri des carcasses pour la réalisation des jambons cuits supérieurs s'appuie sur une mesure de pH mais n'est pas optimal en terme de résultats, c'est pour cette raison que l'on essaie de lui substituer une mesure par spectromètrie. Dans ce but, un projet a été mis en place mettant en oeuvre une chaîne de mesure complète. Il suppose le design de plusieurs sondes de surface et de pénétration (afin d'explorer un site de mesure optimisé en profondeur et orientation), la mise en oeuvre d'un spectromètre (gamme visible et proche infra-rouge cf. Figure 1), puis du traitement de spectre par une méthode d'apprentissage automatique (Partial Least Square PLS cf. [2]), et l'affichage des résultats et de leur communication au sein du réseau informatique de l'industriel abatteur. Figure 1: Matériel utilisé : sonde de pénétration, spectromètre ASD Labspec, sonde de surface (connectique SMA) 2. Aspects historiques et objectifs L'utilisation, dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche, d'un spectromètre requière en général une phase de collecte des données, suivi d'une phase d'analyse (calibration du modèle) de ces données afin de bâtir un modèle de prédiction à l'aide de descripteurs objectifs fournis par ailleurs. Le spectromètre est un appareil connecté à un PC et comprenant un logiciel spécifique en charge de réaliser les opérations d'acquisition des spectres. Les spectres collectés sont en général transférés sur un autre ordinateur afin d'y être traités par un logiciel dédié à l'analyse statistique, une exportation des données dans un format exploitable par ce logiciel est souvent nécessaire. En routine, l'exploitation du modèle statistique issue de la calibration permet pour chaque spectre le calcul d'un ou plusieurs paramètres pertinents utilisable en tant que critère de sélection et de tri des jambons analysés

Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-test kits to clients and partners: a qualitative analysis of female sex workers' collective opinion and attitude in Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal

Background: In West Africa, female sex workers are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. HIV self-testing could be an effective tool to improve access to and frequency of HIV testing to female sex workers, their clients and partners. This article explores their perceptions regarding HIV self-testing use and the redistribution of HIV self-testing kits to their partners and clients. Methods: Embedded within ATLAS, a qualitative study was conducted in Côte-d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal in 2020. Nine focus group discussions were conducted. A thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 87 participants expressed both positive attitudes toward HIV self-testing and their willingness to use or reuse HIV self-testing. HIV self-testing was perceived to be discreet, confidential, and convenient. HIV self-testing provides autonomy from testing by providers and reduces stigma. Some perceived HIV self-testing as a valuable tool for testing their clients who are willing to offer a premium for condomless sex. While highlighting some potential issues, overall, female sex workers were optimistic about linkage to confirmatory testing following a reactive HIV self-testing. Female sex workers expressed positive attitudes toward secondary distribution to their partners and clients, although it depended on relationship types. They seemed more enthusiastic about secondary distribution to their regular/emotional partners and regular clients with whom they had difficulty using condoms, and whom they knew enough to discuss HIV self-testing. However, they expressed that it could be more difficult with casual clients; the duration of the interaction being too short to discuss HIV self-testing, and they fear violence and/or losing them. Conclusion: Overall, female sex workers have positive attitudes toward HIV self-testing use and are willing to redistribute to their regular partners and clients. However, they are reluctant to promote such use with their casual clients. HIV self-testing can improve access to HIV testing for female sex workers and the members of their sexual and social network

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Consommation de tabac, d'alcool et de cannabis en population spéciale (enquête épidémiologique dans un régiment de l'armée de terre)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-Bib. Serv.Santé Armées (751055204) / SudocSudocFranceF

IA ET EMPREINTE ENVIRONNEMENTALE : QUELLE CONSOMMATION D’ÉNERGIE POUR QUELLES ÉTAPES ?

merci d'ajouter aux méta données Collaboration/Projet : EcoSD NetworkLe développement d’approches d’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) dans de nombreux domaines et pour de nombreuses applications interroge, au-delà des enjeux de performances techniques et économiques, sur ses conséquences environnementales. Intégré dans la croissance accélérée du numérique, cette étude cherche à analyser les principaux éléments à retenir pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux de l’IA, en se concentrant, pour commencer, sur sa consommation énergétique. This research study synthesis for the Ademe, the French energy mastering agency, aims at analysing the environmental impacts and footprint of Artificial Intelligence by focusing on energy consumption issues.ADEME et Réseau Nat. EcoSD (écoconception de Systèmes Durables

How eco-design of products and services can embrace the use phase, EcoSD Annual Workshop 2016

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DESIGN-FOR-COST-AND-ENVIRONMENT: ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF SERVICE REPRESENTATION APPROACHES

International audienceBrought by the need for competent approaches to assess the financial cost and environmental impact towards service design-for-cost-and-environment, this paper investigates on the following service representation approaches: Service Blueprinting, Process Chain Network, Business Process Model & Notation, and Customer Journey Mapping. An ontological analysis further compares their similarities and differences. Lastly, a table summarizes the findings, were further insights could be drawn to help service companies be more aware of both their spending and ecological responsibility